Length of Articles |
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• Short (1-5 pages) |
Audience |
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• General, non-academic, non-specialized audience |
Authority/Expertise |
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• Journalists, rather than researchers or specialists in a given field |
Bibliography |
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• None |
Frequency |
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• Published frequently (i.e., weekly, biweekly or monthly) |
Inclusions |
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• Many photographs or other illustrations
 • Extensive commercial advertising |
Subjects |
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• Variety of topic/subject areas (Time, New Yorker, National Review) OR 
• Single subject area with the intention of informing or entertaining a general audience. Sports Illustrated or Vogue are good examples. |
Vocabulary |
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• Use conventional/conversational language, as opposed to a specialized vocabulary |
Length |
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• Lengthy (5-50 pages) |
Audience |
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• Intended for an academic or scholarly audience |
Authority/Expertise |
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• Publish articles written by academics, specialists or researchers in the field (as opposed to articles written by journalists reporting on or synthesizing research). • Are often produced under the editorial supervision of a professional association (e.g., Journal of the American Medical Association) or by a scholarly press (e.g., Elsevier, Pergamon). • Articles go through a rigorous review process (sometimes called ‘refereed’ or ‘peer-reviewed’) by experts in the field before they are selected for publication. |
Bibliography |
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• Always present at the end of the article, chapter or book. • Sometimes called "References", "Reference List", "Works Cited", or "Endnotes" depending on publication style. Allows the reader to consult the same material that the author used in his/her research. |
Inclusions |
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• Often publish reviews of the literature. • Charts or tables • Rare use of news photos and other types of graphics unless the research is visual in nature, such as art, design or architecture. |
Subject Coverage |
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• Generally confined to a single, very specific aspect of a subject area (e.g., music theory, European political science, film studies, language development). |